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--- tutorials:rgg-code-structure [2024/10/11 12:45] – [Replacement rules] tim
+++ tutorials:rgg-code-structure [2025/10/21 12:04] (current) – [XL Blocks - Rules] MH
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The java blocks are framed by curly brackets ''{...}'' and the xl blocks by square brackets ''[...]''. These blocks can be embedded into each other recursively and share declared variables.
-===== functions =====
+===== Functions =====
 Even so the function declaration follows the syntax of java, the body of the function can be of both code blocks. In difference to java rgg code allows to start directly with the declaration of functions without creating a class before. (Internally the rgg file is handled as one java class).
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 Additionally there are several functions predefined that can be used to change the behavior of the simulation. At this point we will only talk about the initialization: ''protected void init ()''. this function is executed after the compilation or a model reset.
+<code java>
+protected void init ()
+[
+	{println("hallo");}
+	Axiom ==> A(parameters.length);
+]
+</code>
+The Axiom is the node that is added to the graph in the very beginning of the simulation and is used as an access point.
 ===== Java blocks =====
-The java block allow java syntax up to java 1.6.( this is independent from the java version that is used to run GroIMP). Therefore it is possible to use features such as file reading and writing, mathematical calculations, abstraction/inheritance or library functions. If you are not experienced with java it might be useful for you to look into available online tutorials.(For example https://www.w3schools.com/java/default.asp)
+The java block allow java syntax up to java 1.6. (this is independent from the java version that is used to run GroIMP). Therefore it is possible to use features such as file reading and writing, mathematical calculations, abstraction/inheritance or library functions. If you are not experienced with java it might be useful for you to look into available online tutorials.(For example https://www.w3schools.com/java/default.asp)
 Every new rgg file also imports by default a set of library functions that are used to interact with the graph or the GroIMP platform. This functions can be explored in the function explorer in the software. You can find it on the main menu under 'Help/Function Browser'.
@@ Line 45: / Line 53: @@
 </code>
+Its syntax is simple and provisional, changes or extensions are likely to occur.
+The simplest form of a module declaration is
+<code java>
+module SimpleModule;
+</code>
+which declares a module of name SimpleModule with no fields. These simple modules can be useful for aggregations, multi scaling or just as place holders.
+The addition of fields is done as in
+<code java>
+module ModuleWithFields (int type, String name);
+</code>
+If o is an instance of ModuleWithFields, the usual Java syntax o.type can be used to access a field. This form of a module declaration provides a constructor with parameters corresponding to the specified module parameters.
+A module is a part of the Java class hierarchy. It is possible for a module to be a subclass of another class or module, this is indicated by an extends-clause:
+<code java>
+module Sub (super.type, super.name, int extra) extends ModuleWithFields;
+</code>
+The module Sub is a subclass (submodule) of ModuleWithFields. The fields type and name are inherited from ModuleWithFields, extra is a new field. A constructor having three parameters (type, name, extra) is provided. It looks for a superclass constructor applicable to the inherited arguments type, name of type int, String (which is found in ModuleWithFields).
+Sometimes, not all module parameters are to be inherited. In these cases, one has to specify the superclass constructor to be used by explicitly providing its arguments as in
+<code java>
+module Sub2 (super.name) extends ModuleWithFields (1, name);
+</code>
-It is also possible to have modules that do not extend any other object and have no direct effect on the graph. These nodes can be useful for aggregations, multi scaling or just as place holders.
 ==== Instantiation ====
@@ Line 68: / Line 107: @@
 ==== Queries ====
-In GroIMP the project graph is considered to hold almost all information on the simulation. Therefore it can also be seen as a knowledge graph. To retrieve this knowledge rgg uses the [[tutorials:common_graph_queries|XL query system]]. To use this queries in a java block they have to be framed by ''(*...*)'' as shown in the examples below. In that way they return a collection object, which then can be like other java objects. Moreover GroIMP comes with a set of predefined  [[groimp-platform:xl-operators|Analytical Operators]] to analyze this collections.
+In GroIMP the project graph is considered to hold almost all information on the simulation. Therefore it can also be seen as a knowledge graph. To retrieve this knowledge rgg uses the [[tutorials:common_graph_queries|XL query system]]. To use this queries in a java block they have to be framed by ''(*...*)'' as shown in the examples below. In that way they return a collection object, which then can be like other java objects. Moreover GroIMP comes with a set of predefined  [[:groimp-platform:xl-builtin-methods|Analytical methods]] to analyze this collections.
 As shown in the example below in ''%%count((*M*))%%'' this queries work with the concept of java objects. Therefore ''(*M*)'' is selecting all instances of Branch because Branch extends M. This also works with interfaces.
@@ Line 98: / Line 137: @@
 Since java 1.6 did not include lamda expression, an own implementation was added to rgg.
 The syntax an the explanation can be found [[groimp-platform:xl-lambda|here]]
-===== XL Blocks =====
-While using XL rules mainly two operators are used: replacement rules(''%%==>%%'') and   execution rule (''%%::>%%'').
+===== XL Blocks - Rules =====
+While using XL queries mainly three rules are used:
+  * Graph rules (''%%==>>%%'')
+  * String replacement rules (''%%==>%%'')
+  * Update or Execution rules (''%%::>%%'')
+All rules have in common that we have a left and a right hand side, both are separated by one of the arrows.
+=== Graph rules ===
+Graph rules are indicated by the rule arrow ''%%==>>%%''.
+The right hand side is a semicolon-terminated list of graph statements building the replacing graph for the matched graph. While the left hand side represents a fixed graph pattern, the graph statements can build the replacing graph dynamically, including loops and conditional execution. Thus it is not always possible to find a graphical representation of the right hand side.
+The graph statements use a stack s of nodes and two state variables n – the last created node – and e – the next edge to create – during execution.
+After the execution of all graph statements, a final step is executed (if the execution has not been terminated using break): A matching non-context node instance of the left hand side, which has not been the value of an evaluated node expression of the right hand side, is deleted. Similarly, an edge matching a non-context edge pattern of the left hand side is deleted if it is not specified on the right hand side.
-==== Replacement rules ====
+=== String rules ===
-The concept of an replacement rule is basically that all part of the project graph that are similar to the left part (before ''%%==>%%'') are replaced by the right part( behind ''%%==>%%'').
+The concept of an replacement rule in XL follows the 'Lindenmayer-form' where basically all parts of the project string that are similar to the left part (before ''%%==>%%'') are replaced by the right part ( behind ''%%==>%%'').
 The left part can thereby be any [[tutorials:common_graph_queries|xl-query]].
 The right part (the production) is a collection of Nodes ( instances of either turtle commands, 3d objects or modules) which are linked by different edges. In the example below only successor- and branch-edges are used. A node that is separated to its predecessor by only a white space is added as a sucessor to the predecessor. A Node or a set of nodes framed by square brackets in that is added to the predecessor with a branch-edge.
@@ Line 122: / Line 180: @@
 As shown above it is also possible to forward parameters from the left side to the right (similar to a parametric rewriting rule in formal systems). Moreover it is possible to use ''a:A''  instead of ''A(x)'' and then on the right side ''a.len'' instead of ''x''.
-==== Execution rule ====
+=== Execution rule ===
-The left side of an execution rule is similar to the left side of the production rule. Yet the main difference is that the nodes (or pattern of nodes) found by the query are not replaced. Instead the code on the right side is applied on them.
+The left side of an execution rule is similar to the left side of the production rule. Yet the main difference is that the nodes (or pattern of nodes) found by the query are not replaced. Instead the (Java) code on the right side is applied on them.
 <code java>
@@ Line 142: / Line 200: @@
 		l[angle]=a;
 	}
+]
+</code>
+There are no additional actions executed, so update rules don’t change the topological properties of the
+host graph per se.
+==== Working with several Files ====
+{{ :tutorials:file_explorer.png?260|}}
+In GroIMP it is possible to split your code into several files and folders to improve the structure and keep an overview.
+<color #ed1c24>It is highly recommended to only have public void functions in one file. Otherwise your project will have several rest buttons that do different things... </color>
+To use function from another file this file needs to be imported similar to a java class or package.
+Yet in the case of GroIMP all files are imported by their name without the directories, therefore to import all modules, and classes in ''param/parameters.rgg'' you just write:
+<code java>
+import parameters.YourModule;
+</code>
+To get this a bit clearer lets assume our parameters.rgg file contains the following code:
+<code java>
+public static int length = 1;
+public static float diameter = 0.1;
+module Leaf() ==> leaf3d(1);
+module Shoot() extends F(1);
+</code>
+To import one specific object once, you can simply do ''parameters.length'' as for example in ''A(parameters.length'' in the new RGG project. Or to use module:
+<code java>
+protected void init ()
+[
+Axiom ==> parameters.Leaf();
+]
+</code>
+If you want to use your module several times you can also import it one in the beginning and then reuse it:
+<code java>
+import parameters.Leaf;
+protected void init ()
+[
+Axiom ==> Leaf()[RL(180) Leaf()];
+]
+</code>
+Finally you can import all modules with the * operator:
+<code java>
+import parameters.*;
+protected void init ()
+[
+Axiom ==> Shoot() Leaf()[RL(180) Leaf()];
+]
+</code>
+This can also be done with the static variables using static import:
+<code java>
+import static parameters.*;
+protected void init ()
+[
+	Axiom ==> F(length,diameter);
 ]
 </code>